An organizational analysis of the community legal education movement in the legal services corporation.

This study examines how teaching about the law complements the work of legal services programs for the poor, how Community Legal Education (CLE) has been designed and implemented, what problems have programs faced implementing CLE, and what solutions have been proposed to overcome those problems. This study traces the historical foundations and development of CLE within the Legal Services Corporation (LSC). It also examines organizational characteristics of 62 legal services programs with identifiable CLE components and describes how three programs have successfully integrated CLE into their work. Finally, it sets forth a series of recommendations for the LSC and local programs to research and develop CLE as a complementary service component. This study indicates that CLE is not well understood by many persons employed in legal services and that such misunderstanding may be attributed to the plurality of CLE functions. The study also found that CLE functions include eradicating legal illiteracy, providing alternatives to individual case aid, acting as a complementary strategy to law reform work, insuring that the program remains accountable to clients, and promoting client involvement to insure the program\u27s political survival. This study reveals that while CLE was one of the original service modalities for legal services programs, it has not been considered important enough to develop on a large scale. Four major obstacles to the implementation of CLE have been identified: (a) inadequate criteria to test CLE effectiveness, (b) LSC dependence on clients for political protection, (c) reliance on attorneys to design and implement CLE, and (d) the limitations inherent in assisting large numbers of clients on an individual basis. The study concludes that CLE can be an effective service if integrated into the LSC structure and made a part of other LSC activities

Pancreatitis biliar recurrente asociada a vesícula biliar de localización anómala y comunicación interauricular.: Recurrent biliary pancreatitis associated with analyzed biliar localization vesicle And interauricular communication

 A 32-year-old woman admitted to the medical service with a clinical picture of recurrent biliary pancreatitis and symptomatic cholelithiasis. Abdominal ultrasound and cholangioresonance showed a gallbladder in an unusual position (posterior) and an anomaly of the biliary tree. Incidentally, the presence of an atrial septal defect associated with signs compatible with pulmonary hypertension is evident. We have not found in the literature an association between the presence of this gallbladder abnormality and the presence of atrial or other congenital heart disease.Mujer de 32 años que ingresa al servicio de medicina con cuadro clínico de pancreatitis biliar recurrente y colelitiasis sintomática. La ecografia abdominal y la Colangioresonancia mostró vesícula biliar en posición no habitual (posterior) y anomalía del árbol biliar. Incidentalmente se evidencia la presencia de una comunicación interauricular asociada a signos compatibles con hipertensión pulmonar. No hemos encontrado en la literatura asociación entre la presencia de esta anormalidad de la vesícula biliar y la presencia de comunicación auricular u otras cardiopatías congénitas

Estimation of Exoplanetary Planet-to-Star Radius Ratio with Homomorphic Processing

In this paper a homomorphic filtering scheme is proposed to improve the estimation of the planet/star radius ratio in astronomical transit signals. The idea is to reduce the effect of the short-term earth atmosphere variations. A two-step method is presented to compute the parameters of the transit curve from both the unfiltered and filtered data. A Monte Carlo analysis is performed by using correlated and uncorrelated noise to determine the parameters of the proposed FFT filter. The method is tested with observations of WASP-19b and WASP-17b obtained with the FORS2 instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The multi parametric fitting and the associated errors are obtained with the JKTEBOP software. The results with the white light of the exo-planet data mentioned above suggest that the homomorphic filtering can lead to substantial relative reductions in the error bars as high as 45.5% and 76.9%, respectively. The achieved reductions in the averaged error bars per channel were 48.4% with WASP-19b and 63.6% with WASP-17b. Open source MATLAB code to run the method proposed here can be downloaded from http://www.cmrsp.cl. This code was used to obtain the results presented in this paper

Alimentación basada en plantas: sus mecanismos en la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad: Whole food plant based diet: its mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of obesity

Obesity is a metabolic condition with a continuous increasing rate, being considered today a “pandemic”. Due to this and the vast number of diseases it is associated with, there is a need for a treatment of this condition that is both effective and healthy in a comprehensive way. In this context, the concepts of lifestyle medicine and plant-based diets have emerged in medicine and in scientific research, and the latter have demonstrated benefits in all these areas and are being part of several scientific association’s recommendations today. In this article, a plant-based diet is briefly defined, and the mechanisms by which this type of diet provides benefits for the control of body weight are explored, including the satiety it generates and its characteristic low caloric density, the higher thermic effect of foods, the positive modulation of the gut microbiota, its effects on the insulin sensitivity, the absence of animal protein and how this affects the body weight, and the effects it has on the leptin hormone. Plant-based diets has been studied both in observational and interventional studies and positioned as a great alternative for the prevention and treatment of obesity, in addition to being a safe and health dietary pattern. We hope that in the future, more health professionals consider this evidence and incorporate it as part of their therapeutic tools.La obesidad es una condición metabólica que se encuentra en constante crecimiento, siendo considerada incluso una “pandemia” en la actualidad. Debido a esto y al gran número de enfermedades a las que se asocia, surge la necesidad de un manejo de esta condición que sea efectivo y saludable a nivel integral. En este contexto, entran a la medicina e investigación científica los conceptos de medicina de estilos de vida y de alimentaciones basadas en plantas, habiendo estas últimas demostrado beneficios en todas estas áreas de la salud, y están siendo parte de varias de las recomendaciones de sociedades científicas actuales. En este artículo, se explicará brevemente qué es  la alimentación basada en plantas, explorando los distintos estudios observacionales e intervenciones que fundamentan su uso, y se propondrán algunos mecanismos a través de los cuales provee beneficios en el control del peso corporal, entre los cuales destacan: la saciedad que genera y la baja densidad calórica que la caracteriza, el mayor efecto térmico de las comidas, la modulación favorable de la microbiota intestinal, sus efectos sobre la sensibilidad a la insulina, la ausencia de proteína animal y cómo esto afecta el control de peso corporal, y los efectos que produce sobre la hormona leptina. La alimentación basada en plantas se posiciona como una gran alternativa para la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad, siendo además un patrón alimentario seguro y saludable. Se espera que en el futuro cada vez más profesionales de la salud consideren esta evidencias y lo incorporen como parte de sus herramientas terapéuticas

The anatomical components of the cardiac outflow tract of the bichir, polypterus senegalus. Evolutionary significance

El resumen aparece en el Program & Abstracts of the 10th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, Barcelona 2013.Anatomical Record, Volume 296, Special Feature — 1: P-077.In chondrichthyans and actinopterygians, the outflow tract of the heart, namely, the cardiac portion intercalated between the ventricle and the ventral aorta, consists of two anatomical components: conus arteriosus and bulbus arteriosus. In chondrichthyans and extant representatives of phylogenetically ancient actinopterygian groups, the conus and bulbus are well-developed in size, whereas in most teleosts, the bulbus is markedly larger than the conus. Current knowledge about the cardiac outflow tract of the polypteriformes is scarce and highly contradictory, a fact that contrasts with their crucial phylogenetic position at the source of the actinopterygian lineage. In fact, it remains uncertain whether they have a bulbus at the arterial pole of the heart. The present study aimed to elucidate the anatomical arrangement of the cardiac outflow tract of the bichir in an attempt to improve our understanding of the evolution of the vertebrate heart. We examined the hearts from 12 bichirs using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Our findings showed that the outflow tract of the bichir consists of two components, namely, a long conus arteriosus, largely composed of myocardial tissue and furnished with a variable number of valves at its luminal side, and a very short, elastin rich bulbus arteriosus, devoid of myocardium. The bulbus has an arterial-like histological composition. However, it differs from the aorta because it has a thicker wall, shows a different arrangement of the histological elements, is covered by the epicardium and is crossed by coronary arteries. The present observations are consistent with the notion that the conus arteriosus and the bulbus arteriosus have coexisted from the beginning of the jawed vertebrate radiation. This is of particular interest, because there is evidence that the bulbus arteriosus, which is a second heart field derivative, is homologous with the intrapericardial portions of the aorta and pulmonary artery of birds and mammals.Proyecto CGL2010-16417/BOS; Fondos FEDER

La efectividad del control interno y la mejora de la gestión de los recursos humanos en la empresa fibras industriales S.A en el año 2011

La empresa Fibras Industriales S.A tiene a su cargo la elaboración de redes mallas y cordeles ,la empresa se encuentra en una buena posición económica ,pero la empresa no cuenta con un sistema adecuado para el control del ingreso del personal ya que incumple con la hora acordada en el contrato buscando compensar dichas horas de tardanzas o extendiendo su labor hasta una hora que consideran apropiada incumpliendo el reglamento interno de la empresa en el capítulo 3 denominado de la jornada y horario de trabajo que el articulo 12 indica , la jornada establecida es de 8 horas y se cumple en el horario establecido por la empresa . Dicho inconveniente afecta reconocer pagos de horas no laboradas, el personal de la empresa que pasa el fotocheck de otras personas las, no realizando labores asignadas según contrato. Dichas acciones generan errores de cálculo de pago en cuanto a las horas laboradas, es de suma urgencia buscar una solución viable económica y efectiva que garantice el eficiente desempeño del área de recursos humanos de la empresa Fibras Industriales S.A El éxito o el fracaso de la empresa Fibras Industriales S.A depende de una buena administración y que tan comprometido se encuentre el personal ya que el proceso administrativo moderno se vuelve cada día más exigente. Por el bienestar de la empresa que debe desarrollarse de una forma disciplinaria, diligente, profesional y ética. Evitando el nivel de riesgo operativo elevado y consecuentemente se vulnere la productividad de la empresa

Usos de los sistemas de doble capa y refrigeración basal en micropropagación

La micropropagación de tejidos vegetales se ha convertido en una técnica esencial en agricultura, industria e investigación debido a su inestimable valor en la producción de material vegetal. No obstante, esta técnica presenta desafíos que deben abordarse. El cultivo in vitro de plantas enfrenta un entorno altamente estresante para los explantes, ya que factores como el exceso de humedad relativa pueden desencadenar patologías fisiológicas, como la hiperhidratación. Para contrarrestar este problema, se han desarrollado técnicas como los sistemas de doble capa y la refrigeración basal, que han demostrado ser simples, económicas y eficientes en la reducción e incluso reversión de la hiperhidratación. Estas estrategias implican el uso de medios de cultivo específicos y la manipulación de condiciones ambientales para proporcionar un equilibrio adecuado de humedad y evitar la acumulación excesiva de agua en los tejidos vegetales. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que la efectividad de estas técnicas puede variar según el genotipo de las plantas. Cada especie puede responder de manera diferente a las condiciones de cultivo y a las estrategias de mitigación de la hiperhidratación. Por lo tanto, es necesario comprender y evaluar las variables específicas de cada genotipo antes de aplicar estas técnicas, a fin de garantizar su eficacia

Control químico de yerbajos en calabaza

Two herbicide experiments on pumpkin were conducted in a San Antón loam at Fortuna substation from 1989 to 1990 to evaluate clomazone, chloramben, DCPA, metolachar and certain sequential combinations. In the first experiment, clomazone at 1.12 and 2.24 kg ai/ha applied preplant gave excellent control of most grasses. Chloramben at 4.48 kg ai/ha provided only fair weed control. Chloramben in sequential application with bentazon + fluazifop mixture greatly improved weed control. DCPA at 11.2 kg ai/ha controlled weed slightly better than chloramben, DCPA in sequential application with bentazon + fluazifop mixture also improved weed control. The highest pumpkin yield was obtained with the weeded check, which was significantly superior to all herbicide treatments. There were no significant yield differences among the herbicide treatments. In the second experiment, the best weed control treatment was clomazone at 2.24 kg ai/ha applied as pre-plant + sequential application of paraquat at 0.56 kg ai/ha. Metolachor at 2.24 and 4.48 kg ai/ha gave good grass control (80-93%), but only fair (46-70%) on broad leaf weeds. Chloramben at 4.48 kg ai/ha only fairly controlled weeds. DCPA at 11.2 kg ai/ha gave good grass control, but was weak on broadleaf weeds. Chloramben or DCPA in sequential application with paraquat at the rate of 0.56 kg ai/ha controlled weeds better than either used alone. The highest pumpkin yield was obtained with clomazone at 2.24 kg ai/ha + paraquat at 0.56 kg at/ha, followed by the weeded check and clomazone at 1.12 kg ai/ha. These three treaments differed significantly from the four remaining herbicide treatments.En un suelo San Antón de la subestación de Fortuna se realizaron en 1989-90 dos experimentos de campo para evaluar herbicidas en calabaza. En el primer experimento, con clomazone aplicado antes de la siembra a razón de 1.12 y 2.24 kg. p.a./ha., se logró un excelente control de las gramíneas. Chloramben solo, a razón de 4.48 kg. p.a./ha., no controló adecuadamente las malezas, pero la aplicación subsiguiente de bentazon + fluazifop las controló mucho mejor. El DCPA a razón de 1 1.2 kg. p.a./ha,, solo o en secuencia con el bentazon + fluazifop, controló las malezas eficazmente. El mayor rendimiento de calabaza se obtuvo en parcelas testigo desyerbadas a mano. No hubo diferencias significativas en rendimiento entre los tratamientos de herbicidas. En el segundo experimento, el tratamiento que mejor controló las malezas fue aplicación presiembra de 2.24 k.g, p.a./ha. de clomazone seguido por una aplicación de 0.56 k.g. p.a./ha. de paraquat, Metolachlor a razón de 2.24 y 4.48 kg. p.a./ha., y DCPA, a razón de 11.2 kg. p.a./ha. fueron eficaces para controlar las gramíneas, pero no las malezas de hoja ancha. Chloramben y DCPA, en aplicación en secuencia con paraquat a razón de 0.56 k.g. p.a./ha., controlaron mejor las malezas que cada uno aplicado solo. El mayor rendimiento de calabaza se obtuvo en parcelas tratadas con clomazone a razón de 2.24 kg. p.a./ha. + paraquat a razón de 0.56 kg. p.a./ha., seguido por las parcelas testigo desyerbadas a mano; finalmente por las parcelas tratadas con clomazone a razón de 1.12 k.g. p.a./ha. + paraquat a razón de 0.56 k.g. p.a./ha. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre estos tres tratamientos